Données géothermiques du sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick: répercussions sur les projets éventuels d’énergie géothermique et la séquestration du carbone dans l’est du Canada
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2024.012Résumé
L’insuffisance d’information sur les gradients géothermiques a limité l’évaluation de la faisabilité des systèmes géothermiques avancés (SGA) au Nouveau-Brunswick. Les cartes existantes ont incorporé moins d’une douzaine de points de données, la majorité provenant d’investigations spécialisées et adjacente à des terres hautes centrales traversant la province du sud-ouest au nord-est. Pour compléter ces données, on a examiné les dossiers provinciaux faisant état des températures de fond des trous de forage d’exploration et on en a effectué un filtrage grossier pour repérer les données douteuses. La démarche a ajouté dans la moitié sud-est de la province plus d’une centaine de points de données qui ont été convertis en gradients géothermiques enrichissant les cartes antérieures. La carte géothermique mise à jour du sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick indique que les gradients géothermiques dans la région correspondent en moyenne à environ 20,5 K/km, ce qui est inférieur à la moyenne mondiale de 25 K/km. Il existe toutefois des anomalies locales dans des endroits où les gradients sont très supérieurs à la moyenne mondiale. Les anomalies en question sont associées, en attendant une évaluation plus poussée, à des intrusions de sel à des profondeurs relativement faibles. Ailleurs, la présence de dépôts de sel d’une conductivité géothermique élevée a produit des « cheminées de sel » dans le cas desquelles des roches de subsurface sus-jacentes présentent des gradients géothermiques plus élevés que les régions adjacentes. En conséquence, bien que les valeurs moyennes des gradients géothermiques régionaux ne favorisent pas le recours aux SGA à grande échelle économiques utilisant les technologies existantes et puissent en plus abaisser le potentiel de séquestration économique de CO2 supercritique, l’emploi de systèmes géothermiques peu profonds, de température inférieure, pourrait être envisageable dans les endroits associés à des intrusions de sel, en particulier si une analyse plus poussée corrobore un effet de « cheminée de sel ».
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