Histoire structurale et stratigraphique du domaine méridional de la zone déformée du mont Indian, dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada soulèvement et effondrement tectonique du Tournaisien (Carbonifère inférieur)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2024.008Résumé
Le domaine méridional de la zone déformée du mont Indian (ZDMI) dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick correspond à une ceinture de décrochement dextre active au cours de la sédimentation du Tournaisien tardif (Carbonifère inférieur). Les roches du groupe de Sussex, qui représentent un cycle sédimentaire d’un affaissement à une inversion du bassin, occupent cette zone et reposent de façon discordante sur un socle cristallin, ce dernier constituant une partie exhumée du soulèvement de Westmorland adjacent (au sud) enfoui. La déformation est apparentée à des failles inverses/chevauchements, à des décrochements ultérieurs et aux failles normales les plus récentes. La zone de la faille Gorge dans le domaine méridional de la ZDMI recèle nombre de caractéristiques essentielles de l’ensemble de la zone. Le décalage de la zone de la faille Gorge augmente à l’est. Dans l’ouest, la zone forme un chevauchement aveugle et un pli anticlinal asymétrique, alors que dans l’est, elle s’élargit en un complexe de failles inverses/chevauchements. Une évolution progressive des failles inverses/chevauchements à un mouvement de coulissage a produit un soulèvement tectonique culminant en un effondrement gravitationnel le long de failles normales aux profils listriques qui s’aplanissent à moins de 100 à 200 m de la surface d’érosion présente. Des mégabrèches s’étant formées durant le dépôt du groupe de Sussex sont du même âge que les failles inverses/chevauchements. La structure géométrique des diverses failles est principalement liée à la déformation progressive à l’intérieur d’un régime de failles dextres subissant un cisaillement général, dont les caractéristiques les plus anciennes décrivent une rotation congruente et incongruente par rapport aux principales limites de la ZDMI. La complexité supplémentaire est attribuable à nombre de failles inverses/chevauchements et failles normales présents à proximité de la surface libre et ces dernières résultent d’une instabilité gravitationnelle de la structure de soulèvement régie par la topographie. Une stratigraphie révisée du groupe de Sussex dans la zone déformée du mont Indian et son interprétation font partie intégrante de l’élaboration de l’histoire structurale. Deux unités, les formations de Stilesville et de Briggs Cross, sont formellement définies aux présentes.
Références
Allen, M.B., Windley, B.F., Zhang, C, Zhao, Z-Y., and Wang, G-R. 1991. Basin evolution within and adjacent to the Tien Shan Range, NW China. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 148, pp. 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.2.0369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.2.0369
Allen, M.B., Sengör, A.M.C., and Natal’in, B.A. 1995. Junggar, Turfan and Alakol basins as Late Permian to? Early Triassic extensional structures in a sinistral shear zone in the Altaid orogenic collage, Central Asia. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 152, pp. 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.152.2.0327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.152.2.0327
Barr, S.M. and White C.E. 1996. Contrasts in late Precambrian-early Paleozoic tectonothermal history between Avalon Composite Terrane sensu stricto and other peri-Gondwanan terranes in southern New Brunswick and Cape Breton Island. In Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the North Atlantic. Edited by R. D. Nance and M. D. Thompson. Geological Society of America Special Paper 304, pp. 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2304-3.95 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2304-3.95
Barr, S.M., White, C.E., and Miller, B.V. 2002a. The Kingston Terrane, southern New Brunswick, Canada: Evidence for an Early Silurian volcanic arc. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114, pp. 964–982. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0964:TKTSNB>2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0964:TKTSNB>2.0.CO;2
Barr, S.M., White, C.E., and Hamilton, M.A. 2002b. Middle Devonian quartz monzonite from Gaytons quarry and Lower Coverdale drill-core, Moncton area, New Brunswick. In Current Research, 2001. Edited by B. M. W. Carroll. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy; Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Mineral Resources Report 2002-4, pp. 1–10.
Barr, S.M., White, C.E., and Hamilton, M.A. 2007. Lower Coverdale and Gaytons: Middle Devonian and possibly older anorthosite-ferronorite, gabbro and quartz monzonite intrusions in southeastern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 43, pp. 163–179. https://doi.org/10.4138/5647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/5647
Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J-X. 2013 (revised 2023). The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart, Episodes 36, pp. 199–204. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002
Coward, M.P., Enfield, M.A., and Fischer, M.W. 1989. Devonian basins of northern Scotland: extension and inversion related to late Caledonian–Variscan tectonics. In Inversion Tectonics. Edited by M.A. Cooper and G.D. Williams. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 44, pp. 275–308. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.16
Eby, G.N. and Currie, K.L. 1996. Geochemistry of the granitoid plutons of the Brookville terrane, Saint John, New Brunswick, and implications for the development of the Avalon Zone. Atlantic Geology, 32, pp. 247–268. https://doi.org/10.4138/2090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/2090
Fyffe, L.R. and Fricker, A. 1987. Tectonostratigraphic terrane analysis of New Brunswick. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, 23, pp. 113–123. https://doi.org/10.4138/1626 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/1626
Fyffe, L.R., Johnson, S.C., and van Staal, C.R. 2011. A review of Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic lithotectonic terranes in the northeastern Appalachian orogen of New Brunswick, Canada, and their tectonic evolution during Penobscot, Taconic, Salinic, and Acadian orogenesis. Atlantic Geology, 47, pp. 211–248. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2011.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2011.010
Gussow, W.C. 1953. Carboniferous stratigraphy and structural geology of New Brunswick, Canada. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 34, pp.1713–1816.
Hacquebard, P.A. 1972. The Carboniferous of eastern Canada. Compte Rendu 7eme Congrès Internationale de Géologie et de Stratigraphie du Carbonifère, Krefeld, 1971, 1, pp. 69–90.
Leger, A. and Williams, P.F. 1986. Transcurrent faulting history of southern New Brunswick. In Current Research, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper No. 86 1B, pp. 111 120. https://doi.org/10.4095/120636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4095/120636
Lister, G.S. and Williams, P.F. 1983. The partitioning of deformation in flowing rock masses. Tectonophysics, 92, pp. 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90083-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90083-5
MacIntosh, J.A. and St. Peter, C.J. 2005. Maritimes Basin Thermal Maturation Project: Carboniferous organic geochemical (NB_COG) database for New Brunswick. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources; Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Open File (Digital) 2005-5, 55 p.
MacRae, R.A., Stimson, M.R., Hinds, S.J., Park, A.F., King, O.A., Waldron, J W.F., and Eggleston, L.K. 2017. Re-examination of the Gautreau Formation and its stratigraphic position, Weldon, New Brunswick. Atlantic Geoscience Society, 43rd Colloquium and Annual Meeting, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 53, pp. 157–158. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2017.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2017.006
Miller, B.V., Barr, S.M., Tesfai, F., and White, C.E. 2018. Tonian Fe-Ti-P ferronorite and alkali anorthosite in the northern Appalachian orogen, southern New Brunswick, Canada: Amazonian basement in Ganderia? Precambrian Research, 317, pp.77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.006
Norman, G.W.H. 1941. Geology map of Moncton, (east and west halves), Westmorland and Albert counties, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada, A Series Map 646A, scale 1:63 360. https://doi.org/10.4095/123378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4095/123378
Park, A.F. and St. Peter, C.J. 2005. Deformation of Lower Carboniferous rocks in the Rosevale to Saint Joseph area (NTS 21 H/15), Albert and Westmorland counties, southeastern New Brunswick. In Geological Investigations in New Brunswick for 2004. Edited by G. L. Martin. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources; Minerals, Planning and Policy Division, Mineral Resources Report, pp. 45–98.
Park, A.F. and St. Peter, C.J. 2009. Stratigraphy and structure of the Indian Mountain deformed zone, Westmorland County, southeastern New Brunswick. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources, Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Mineral Resource Division, Mineral Resource Report 2009-1, 114 p.
Park, A.F., St. Peter, C.J., Keighley D.G., and Wilson, P. 2010. Overstep and imbrication along a sidewall ramp and its relationship to a hydrocarbon play in Tournaisian rocks of the Moncton Basin: the Peck Creek section, Albert Mines area, southeastern New Brunswick. Bulletin Canadian Petroleum Geology, 58, pp. 268–282. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.58.3.268 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.58.3.268
Passchier, C.W. 1986. Flow in natural shear zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 77, pp. 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90133-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90133-0
Passchier, C.W. 1987. Efficient use of the velocity gradients tensor in flow modelling. Tectonophysics, 136, pp. 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90338-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90338-6
Pickerill, R.K. 1992. Carboniferous nonmarine invertebrate ichnocoenoses from southern New Brunswick. Ichnos, 2, pp. 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949209380072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949209380072
Price, N.J. and Cosgrove, J.W. 1990. Analysis of Geological Structures. Cambridge University Press, New York, 502 p.
Ramsay, J.R. 1974. Development of chevron folds. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 85, pp. 1741–1754. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<1741:DOCF>2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<1741:DOCF>2.0.CO;2
Ramsay, J.R. 1980. Shear zone geometry: a review. Journal of Structural Geology, 2, pp. 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(80)90038-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(80)90038-3
Ramsay, J.R. and Graham, R.H. 1970. Strain variation in shear belts. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 7, pp. 786–813. https://doi.org/10.1139/e70-078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/e70-078
St. Peter, C.J. 1993. Maritimes Basin evolution: key geologic and seismic evidence from the Moncton Subbasin of New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 29, pp. 233–270. https://doi.org/10.4138/2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/2010
St. Peter, C.J. 2006. Geological relationship between the Cocagne Subbasin and Indian Mountain Deformed Zone, Maritimes Basin, New Brunswick. In Geological Investigations in New Brunswick for 2005. Edited by G. L. Martin. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources; Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Mineral Resources Report 2006-3, pp. 103–183.
St. Peter, C.J. and Johnson, S.C. 2009. Stratigraphy and structural history of the late Paleozoic Maritimes Basin in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources; Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Memoir 3, 348 p.
Sylvester, A.G. 1988. Strike-slip faults. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, pp. 1666–1703. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1666:SSF>2.3.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1666:SSF>2.3.CO;2
Tanner, P.W.G. 1989. The flexural-slip mechanism. Journal of Structural Geology, 11, pp. 635–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90001-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90001-1
Utting, J. 1987. Palynology of the Lower Carboniferous Windsor Group and Windsor-Canso boundary beds of Nova Scotia, and their equivalents in Quebec, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 374, pp. 1–93. https://doi.org/10.4095/122454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4095/122454
Utting, J. 1989. Palynostratigraphic investigation of the Albert Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of New Brunswick, Canada. Palynology, 11, pp. 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.1987.9989320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.1987.9989320
Utting, J., Keppie, J.D., and Giles, P.S. 1989. Palynology and stratigraphy of the Lower Carboniferous Horton Group, Nova Scotia. Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 396, pp. 117–143. https://doi.org/10.4095/127720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4095/127720
Utting, J., Giles, P.S., and Dolby, G. 2010. Palynostratigraphy of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks, Joggins area, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada. Palynology, 34, pp. 43–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916121003620569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01916121003620569
van Staal C.R. and Barr S.M. 2012. Lithospheric architecture and tectonic evolution of the Canadian Appalachians and associated Atlantic margin. In Tectonic styles in Canada: The LITHOPROBE perspective. Edited by J.A. Percival, F.A. Cook, R.M. Clowes. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 49, pp. 41–95.
Waldron, J.W.F., Barr, S.M., Park, A.F., White, C.E., and Hibbard, J. 2015. Late Paleozoic strike-slip faults in Maritime Canada and their role in the reconfiguration of the northern Appalachian orogeny. Tectonics, 34, pp. 1661–1684. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003882 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003882
White, C.E. and Barr, S.M. 1996. Geology of the Brookville terrane, southern New Brunswick, Canada. In Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Edited by R. D. Nance and M. D. Thompson. Geological Society of America Special Paper 304, pp. 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2304-3.133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2304-3.133
White, C.E., Barr, S.M., Miller, B.V., and Hamilton, M.A. 2002. Granitoid plutons of the Brookville terrane, southern New Brunswick: petrology, age and tectonic setting. Atlantic Geology, 38, pp. 53–74. https://doi.org/10.4138/1255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/1255
Williams, E.P. 1974. Geology and petroleum possibilities in and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 58, pp. 1137–1155. https://doi.org/10.1306/83D9162D-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/83D9162D-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Wilson, P. 2003. Stratigraphy, evaporate structure and tectonic history of the McCully area, southern New Brunswick: preliminary results. In Current research 2002. Edited by B. M. W. Carroll. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources; Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Mineral Resources Report 2003-4, pp. 101–121.
Wilson, P. 2005. Stratigraphy, structural geology and tectonic history of the McCully area, southwestern Moncton Subbasin, southern New Brunswick. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources; Minerals, Policy and Planning Division, Mineral Resources Report 2005-5, 104 p.
Wilson, P. and White, J.C. 2006. Tectonic evolution of the Moncton Basin, New Brunswick, eastern Canada: new evidence from field and sub-surface data. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 54, pp. 319–336. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.54.4.319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.54.4.319
Wilson, P., White, J.C., and Roulston, B.V. 2006. Structural geology of the Penobsquis salt structure: late Bashkirian inversion tectonics in the Moncton Basin, New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 43, pp. 405–419. https://doi.org/10.1139/e05-116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/e05-116
Woodcock, N.H. and Schubert, C. 1994. Continental strike-slip tectonics. In Continental Deformation. Edited by P.L. Hancock. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 251–263.
Wright, W.J. 1922. Geology of the Moncton map-area. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Memoir 129, 69 p. https://doi.org/10.4095/101688 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4095/101688
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
As of January 1, 2025, Atlantic Geoscience is adopting Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This license requires that reusers give credit to the creator. It allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, even for commercial purposes.
Copyright to material published in Atlantic Geoscience is normally retained by the author. Alternate arrangements can be made on request for government employees.
Permission to use a single graphic for which the author owns copyright is considered “fair dealing” under the Canadian Copyright Act and “fair use” by the journal, and no other permission need be granted, subject to the image being appropriately cited in all reproductions. The same fair dealing/fair use policy applies to sections of text up to 100 words in length.
