Histoire structurale et stratigraphique du domaine méridional de la zone déformée du mont Indian, dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada soulèvement et effondrement tectonique du Tournaisien (Carbonifère inférieur)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2024.008Résumé
Le domaine méridional de la zone déformée du mont Indian (ZDMI) dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick correspond à une ceinture de décrochement dextre active au cours de la sédimentation du Tournaisien tardif (Carbonifère inférieur). Les roches du groupe de Sussex, qui représentent un cycle sédimentaire d’un affaissement à une inversion du bassin, occupent cette zone et reposent de façon discordante sur un socle cristallin, ce dernier constituant une partie exhumée du soulèvement de Westmorland adjacent (au sud) enfoui. La déformation est apparentée à des failles inverses/chevauchements, à des décrochements ultérieurs et aux failles normales les plus récentes. La zone de la faille Gorge dans le domaine méridional de la ZDMI recèle nombre de caractéristiques essentielles de l’ensemble de la zone. Le décalage de la zone de la faille Gorge augmente à l’est. Dans l’ouest, la zone forme un chevauchement aveugle et un pli anticlinal asymétrique, alors que dans l’est, elle s’élargit en un complexe de failles inverses/chevauchements. Une évolution progressive des failles inverses/chevauchements à un mouvement de coulissage a produit un soulèvement tectonique culminant en un effondrement gravitationnel le long de failles normales aux profils listriques qui s’aplanissent à moins de 100 à 200 m de la surface d’érosion présente. Des mégabrèches s’étant formées durant le dépôt du groupe de Sussex sont du même âge que les failles inverses/chevauchements. La structure géométrique des diverses failles est principalement liée à la déformation progressive à l’intérieur d’un régime de failles dextres subissant un cisaillement général, dont les caractéristiques les plus anciennes décrivent une rotation congruente et incongruente par rapport aux principales limites de la ZDMI. La complexité supplémentaire est attribuable à nombre de failles inverses/chevauchements et failles normales présents à proximité de la surface libre et ces dernières résultent d’une instabilité gravitationnelle de la structure de soulèvement régie par la topographie. Une stratigraphie révisée du groupe de Sussex dans la zone déformée du mont Indian et son interprétation font partie intégrante de l’élaboration de l’histoire structurale. Deux unités, les formations de Stilesville et de Briggs Cross, sont formellement définies aux présentes.
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