Potentiel de gîtes de minéraux critiques au Maine, États-Unis
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2022.007Résumé
L’analyse du potentiel de gîtes de minéraux et d’éléments critiques au Maine exposée aux présentes comporte des données et des examens concernant l’antimoine, le béryllium, le césium, le chrome, le cobalt, le graphite, le lithium, le manganèse, le niobium, les éléments du groupe du platine, le rhénium, les éléments des terres rares, l’étain, le tantale, le tellure, le titane, l’uranium, le vanadium, le tungstène et le zirconium. Les gîtes sont répartis en deux groupes selon les cadres géologiques et la terminologie des minéraux métallifères communs. Un groupe est constitué de gîtes connus [manganèse dans des roches sédimentaires, sulfures massifs volcanogènes, gîtes porphyriques de cuivre-molybdène nickel-cuivre (-cobalt-éléments du groupe du platine) dans des roches mafiques et ultramafiques ainsi que gisements pegmatitiques de lithium-césium-tantale] qui sont dans la majorité des cas relativement vastes, qui sont bien documentés et qui ont fait l’objet d’une exploration poussée par le passé. Le second groupe, beaucoup plus nombreux, de minéraux et d’éléments différents, est composé de petits gîtes, de zones prometteuses et de venues ayant été peu explorées ou inexplorées. L’évaluation qualitative utilisée dans le cadre de l’étude repose sur trois critères clés : 1) la présence de gîtes, de zones prometteuses ou de venues minérales connus; 2) les cadres géologiques favorables en raison de la présence de certains types de gîtes basés sur les modèles de dépôts de minerai courants; et 3) les anomalies géochimiques dans les roches ou les sédiments fluviatiles, notamment les concentrés lavés à la batée. Parmi les 20 différents types de gîtes considérés aux présentes, seuls trois se voient conférer un potentiel de ressources élevé : 1) les gîtes de manganèse dans des roches sédimentaires, 2) le nickel-cuivre (-cobalt-éléments du groupe du platine) dans des roches mafiques et ultramafiques, et 3) les gîtes pegmatitiques de lithium-césium-tantale. Un potentiel moyen est attribué à 11 autres types de gîtes, notamment : les gîtes porphyriques de cuivre-molybdène (-rhénium, sélénium, tellure, bismuth, éléments du groupe du platine); 2) le chrome dans des ophiolites; 3) les éléments du groupe du platine dans des roches ultramafiques ophiolitiques; 4) l’uranium-thorium dans du granite; 5) l’étain dans des plutons et filons granitiques; 6) le niobium, le tantale et les éléments des terres rares dans des intrusions alcalines; 7) le tungstène et le bismuth dans des filons polymétalliques; 8) le vanadium dans des schistes noirs; 9) des filons orogéniques et des substitutions; 10) le tellure dans des gîtes épithermaux et 11) l’uranium dans la tourbe.
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