English-Language Proficiency Requirements for Migration to Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and the Implications for Language Testing Research

Résumé

Les tests de compétences linguistiques ont depuis longtemps joué un double rôle au sein de la migration mondiale en étant à la fois un facteur facilitant et un obstacle. Cet article examine comment le Canada et d'autres pays traditionnels d'accueil migratoire emploient les tests de compétences linguistiques en anglais dans les processus d'immigration, les demandes d'asile et de relocalisation, ainsi que les demandes de citoyenneté. Il identifie les points communs entre ces trois domaines connexes de la migration et les valeurs cachées qui sont souvent intégrées dans les résultats des tests exigés. L'article détermine différentes approches pour mener des recherches sous l'égide de l'ouvrage Critical Language Testing de Shohamy (2001) et se conclut avec des suggestions de recherche et de défense des droits en matière de tests linguistiques spécifiques au contexte canadien.

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