Timing and tectonic setting of Ordovician volcanic rocks of the Miramichi terrane in eastern Maine, USA, and southwestern New Brunswick, Canada

Ayuso, R., Wooden, J., Foley, N., Slack, J., Sinha, A., and Persing, H. 2003. Pb isotope geochemistry and U–Pb (SHRIMP-RG) ages of the Bald Mountain and Mount Chase massive sulfide deposits, northern Maine: Mantle and crustal contributions in the Ordovician. Economic Geology Monograph 11, pp. 589–609. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.11.26

Bradley, D., Haeussler, P., O’Sullivan, P., Friedman, R., Till, A., Bradley, D., and Trop, J. 2009. Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin. In Studies by the United States Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007. Edited by P. Haeussler and J. Galloway. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1760-F, 36 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1760F

Cabanic, B. and Lecolle, M. 1989. The La/10-Y/15-Nb/8 diagram; a tool for distinguishing volcanic series and discovering crustal mixing and/or contamination. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, 309, pp. 2023–2029.

Cohen, K., Finney, S., Gibbard, P., and Fan, J.-X. 2013. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart (updated 2023). Episodes, 36, pp. 199–204. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002

Dostal, J. 1989. Geochemistry of Ordovician volcanic rocks of the Tetagouche Group of southwestern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 25, pp. 199–209. https://doi.org/10.4138/1684

Fyffe, L. 2001. Stratigraphy and geochemistry of Ordovician volcanic rocks of the Eel River area, west-central New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 37, pp. 81–101. https://doi.org/10.4138/1973

Fyffe, L., Forbes, W., and Riva, J. 1983. Graptolites from the Benton area of west-central New Brunswick and their regional significance. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, 19, pp. 117–125. https://doi.org/10.4138/1570

Fyffe, L., Johnson, S., and van Staal, C. 2011. A review of Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic lithotectonic terranes in the northeastern Appalachian orogen of New Brunswick, Canda, and their tectonic evolution during Penobscot, Taconic, Salinic, and Acadian orogenesis. Atlantic Geology, 47, pp. 211–248. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2011.010

Fyffe, L., van Staal, C., Wilson, R., and Johnson, S. 2023a. An overview of Early Paleozoic arc systems in New Brunswick, Canada, and eastern Maine, USA. Atlantic Geosciences 59, pp. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2023.001

Fyffe, L., Ludman, A., and McFarlane, C. 2023b. Age and tectonic significance of the Benton pluton, Eel River area, west-central New Brunswick, Canada. Atlantic Geosciences 59, pp. 87–108. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2023.004

Gorton, M. and Schandl, E. 2000, From continents to island arcs: a geochemical index of tectonic setting for arc-related and within-plate felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks. Canadian Mineralogist, 38, pp. 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.38.5.1065

Hibbard, J., van Staal., C., Rankin, D., and Williams, H. 2006. Lithotectonic map of the Appalachian orogen, Canada-United States of America. Geological Survey of Canada, Map 2096A, Scale 1:1 500 000. https://doi.org/10.4095/221932

Hults, C., Wilson, H., Donelick, R., and O’Sullivan, P. 2013. Two flysch belts having distinctly different provenance suggest no stratigraphic link between the Wrangellia composite terrane and the paleo-Alaskan margin. Lithosphere, 5, pp. 575–594, https://doi.org/10.1130/L310.1

Keppie, J.D., Keppie, D. F., and Dostal, J. 2021 The Northern Appalachian terrane wreck model. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 58, pp. 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0114

Larrabee, D., Spencer, C., and Swift, D. 1965. Bedrock geology of the Grand Lake area, Aroostook, Hancock, Penobscot, and Washington counties, Maine. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 1201-E, 38 p.

LeBas, M., LeMaitre, R., Streckeisen, A., and Zanettin, B. 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. Journal of Petrology, 27, pp. 745–750. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/27.3.745

Ludman, A. 2023. Bedrock geology of the Greenfield quadrangle, Maine (revised). Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Report 23-1, 31 p. and map, scale 1:24 000.

Ludman, A. and Whittaker, A. 2023. Termination of the Ganderian Cambrian–Ordovician Miramichi terrane in east-central Maine, northern Appalachian orogen, USA. Atlantic Geosciences, 59, pp. 123–146. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2023.006

Ludman, A., McFarlane, C., and Whittaker, A. 2021. Chemistry, age, and tectonic setting of Miramichi terrane volcanic rocks in eastern and east-central Maine. Atlantic Geology, 57, pp. 239–273. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.012

Ludman, A., Wang, C., Whittaker, A., O’Sullivan, P., and McFarlane, C. 2024. Timing of Early Paleozoic volcanism in northeastern Maine: rethinking regional tectonic models. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 56, p.

McClenaghan, S., Lentz, D., and Fyffe, L. 2006. Chemostratigraphy of volcanic rocks hosting massive sulfide clasts within the Meductic Group, west-central New Brunswick. Exploration and Mining Geology, 15, pp. 241–261. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsemg.15.3-4.241

Mohammadi, N., Fyffe, L., McFarlane, C., Wilson, R., and Lentz, D. 2019. U–Pb zircon and monazite geochronology of volcanic and plutonic rocks in southwestern, central, and northeastern New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8581, 46 p. https://doi.org/10.4095/314824

Moore. T., O’Sullivan, P., Potter, C., and Donelick, R. 2015. Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism. Geosphere, 11, pp. 93–122. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01043.1

Mullen, E. 1983. MnO/TiO2/P2O5: A minor element discriminant or basaltic rocks of oceanic environments and its implications for petrogenesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 62, 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90070-5

New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy 2008. Bedrock Geology of New Brunswick. Minerals and Energy Division, Map NR-1, scale 1:500 000.

Osberg, P., Hussey, A., and Boone, G. 1985. Bedrock geologic map of Maine; Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, scale 1:500 000.

Pearce, J., Harris, B., and Tindle, A. 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, pp. 956–983. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956

Rogers, N. and van Staal, C. 2003.Volcanology and tectonic setting of the northern Bathurst Mining Camp: Part II. Mafic volcanic constraints on back-arc opening. Economic Geology Monograph, 11, pp. 181–202. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.11.10

Rogers, N., van Staal, C., McNicoll, V., and Theriault, R. 2003. Volcanology and tectonic setting of the northern Bathurst Mining Camp; Part I. Extension and rifting of the Popelogan arc. In Massive sulfide deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick and Northern Maine. Edited by W. Goodfellow, S. McCutcheon, and J. Peter. Economic Geology Monograph, 11, pp.157–179. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.11.09

Sayres, M. 1986. Stratigraphy, polydeformation, and tectonic setting of Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Danforth area, eastern Maine. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Queens College (City University of New York), Flushing, New York, 135 p.

Sullivan, R. and van Staal, C. 1996. Preliminary chronostratigraphy of the Tetagouche and Fournier groups in northern New Brunswick. In Radiogenic age and isotopic studies, Report 9. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 1995-F, pp. 43–56. https://doi.org/10.4095/207762

van Staal, C. and Barr, S. 2012. Lithosphere architecture and tectonic evolution of the Canadian Appalachians and associated Atlantic margin, Chapter 2. In Tectonic styles in Canada: the Lithoprobe perspective. Edited by J. Percival, F. Cook, and R. Clowes. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 49, pp. 41–95.

van Staal, C., Wilson, R., Kamo, S., McClelland, W., and McNicoll, V. 2016. Evolution of the Early to Middle Ordovician Popelogan arc in New Brunswick, Canada and adjacent Maine, USA: Record of arc-trench migration and multiple phases of rifting. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 128, pp. 122–146. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31253.1

van Staal, C.R., Wilson, R.A., Rogers, N., Fyffe, L.R., Langton, J.P., McCutcheon, S.R., McNicoll, V., and Ravenhurst, C.E. 2003. Geology and tectonic history of the Bathurst Supergroup, Bathurst Mining Camp, and its relationships to coeval rocks in southwestern New Brunswick and adjacent Maine – a synthesis. Economic Geology Monograph, 11, pp. 37–60. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.11.03

Wang, C. 2018. Bedrock geology of the Round Mountain quadrangle, Maine. Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 18-8, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. 2019a. Bedrock geology of the Jack Mountain quadrangle, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 19-6, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. 2019b. Bedrock geology of the Jack Mountain quadrangle, Maine. Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 19-6, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. 2021a. Bedrock geology of the Big Machias Lake quadrangle, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 21-12, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. 2021b. Bedrock geology of the Greenlaw Pond quadrangle, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 21-2, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. 2023a. Bedrock geology of the northern half of the Spider Lake quadrangle, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, Geologic Map 23-18, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. 2023b. Bedrock geology of the northern half of the Chase Lake quadrangle, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, Geologic Map 23-19, scale 1:24 000.

Wang, C. and Pollock, S. 2023. Geology of the Munsungun-Winterville belt: The Munsungun inlier. In The Geology, tectonic evolution, critical minerals, and glaciation of the Appalachians in northern Maine and western New Brunswick. Edited by C. Wang, A. Ludman, and D. Lenz. New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference Guidebook, 33 p.

Whalen, J.B. 1993. Geology, petrography and geochemistry of Appalachian granites in New Brunswick and Gaspésie, Québec. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 436, 124 p. https://doi.org/10.4095/183907

Williams, H. 1995. Temporal and spatial divisions, In Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen in Canada and Greenland. Edited by H. Williams. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada Series, 6, pp. 23–42. https://doi.org/10.4095/205242

Wilson, R. 2017. The Middle Paleozoic rocks of northern and western New Brunswick, Canada. New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development, Geological Surveys Branch, Memoir 4, 319 p.

Wilson, R., Fyffe, L., McNicoll, V., and Dodicka, N. 1999. Lithogeochemistry, petrography, and geochronology of Ordovician rocks in the Big Bald Mountain area (NTS 21/01, Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick. In Current Research, 1998. Edited by B. Carrol. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Minerals and Energy Division, Mineral Resource Report 99-4, pp. 89–142.

Winchester, J., van Staal, C., and Fyffe, L. 1992. Ordovician volcanic and hypabyssal rocks in the central and southern Miramichi Highlands: their tectonic setting and relationship to contemporary volcanic rocks in northern New Brunswick; Atlantic Geology, 28, pp. 171–179. https://doi.org/10.4138/1859