Geoscience Canada

Vol. 49 No. 3-4 (2022)
GAC Medallist Series

Logan Medallist 7. Appinite Complexes, Granitoid Batholiths and Crustal Growth: A Conceptual Model

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  • J. Brendan Murphy,
  • William J. Collins,
  • Donnelly B. Archibald
J. Brendan Murphy
Department of Earth Sciences, St. Francis Xavier University P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada
William J. Collins
Earth Dynamics Research Group, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Donnelly B. Archibald
Department of Earth Sciences, St. Francis Xavier University P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada
Geoscience Canada V.49N3-4 Front Cover
DOI : https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2022.49.191

Publié-e 2022-12-17

Mots-clés

  • appinite,
  • granite,
  • intrusion,
  • water

Comment citer

Murphy, J. B., Collins, W. J., & Archibald, D. B. (2022). Logan Medallist 7. Appinite Complexes, Granitoid Batholiths and Crustal Growth: A Conceptual Model. Geoscience Canada, 49(3-4), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2022.49.191
Mention de droit d'auteur

##plugins.generic.funding.fundingData##

Résumé

Les corps d’appinite sont une suite de roches plutoniques, de composition ultramafique à felsique, qui se caractérisent par de la hornblende idiomorphe comme minéral mafique dominant dans toutes les lithologies et par des textures spectaculairement diverses, y compris des fabriques magmatiques planaires et linéaires, des pegmatites mafiques et de nombreuses preuves de « mingling », mélange hétérogène, des compositions mafiques et felsiques de même âge. Ces caractéristiques suggèrent une cristallisation à partir d'un magma anormalement riche en eau qui, selon un nombre limité d’études isotopiques, possède à la fois des composants mantelliques et météoriques.
Les corps d’appinite se présentent généralement sous la forme de petits complexes (~ 2 km de diamètre) mis en place à la périphérie des plutons granitoïdes et généralement adjacents aux principales failles crustales profondes qu'ils exploitent préférentiellement lors de leur ascension. Plusieurs études soulignent la relation entre l'intrusion d'appinite, le plutonisme granitoïde et l’arrêt de la subduction. Cependant, des données géochronologiques récentes suggèrent une relation génétique de plus longue durée entre la génération d'appinite et de de magma granitoïde et la subduction.
L'appinite peut représenter des aliquotes de magma basaltique hydraté dérivées de sous-plaques mafiques à fractionnement variable qui ont été initialement mises en place lors d'une subduction prolongée adjacente au Moho, déclenchant la génération de magma granitoïde volumineux par fusion partielle dans la zone MASH sus-jacente. Le magma mafique hydraté de cette sous-plaque peut avoir remonté et s’être accumulé et différencié à des niveaux crustaux moyens à supérieurs (environ 3 à 6 kbar, 15 km de profondeur) et avoir cristallisé dans des conditions de saturation en eau. Le magma granitoïde s'est mis en place par impulsions lorsque des contraintes transitoires ont activé des structures favorablement orientées qui sont devenues des conduits pour le transport du magma. L'ascension du magma mafique tardif, cependant, est entravée par les barrières rhéologiques créées par les corps magmatiques granitoïdes structurellement sus-jacents. Le magma qui forme des complexes d'appinite a échappé à ces barrières rhéologiques car il a exploité préférentiellement les failles crustales profondes qui délimitaient le système plutonique. Dans ce scénario, les complexes d'appinite peuvent être une connexion directe à la sous-plaque mafique et ainsi ses composants les plus mafiques peuvent fournir des informations sur les processus qui génèrent des batholites granitoïdes et, plus généralement, sur la croissance crustale dans les systèmes d'arc.

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