Geoscience Canada

Vol. 48 No. 2 (2021)
Series

Economic Geology Models 5. Specialty, Critical, Battery, Magnet and Photovoltaic Materials: Market Facts, Projections and Implications for Exploration and Development

PDF (English)
  • Laura Simandl,
  • George J. Simandl,
  • Suzanne Paradis
Laura Simandl
RDH Building Sciences Inc., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
George J. Simandl
British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Suzanne Paradis
Geological Survey of Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
DOI : https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.174

Publié-e 2021-08-18

Mots-clés

  • Battery,
  • Cobalt,
  • Critical Materials,
  • Exploration,
  • Magnet,
  • Market,
  • Photovoltaic,
  • Rare Earth Elements,
  • Resources
    • ...Plus
    Moins

Comment citer

Simandl, L., Simandl, G. J., & Paradis, S. (2021). Economic Geology Models 5. Specialty, Critical, Battery, Magnet and Photovoltaic Materials: Market Facts, Projections and Implications for Exploration and Development. Geoscience Canada, 48(2), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.174
Mention de droit d'auteur

Résumé

De nombreuses sociétés d'exploration se concentrent désormais sur les matériaux spécialisés associés à ce que l'on appelle la « technologie verte ». Ceux-ci incluent les « matériaux pour batterie », les « matériaux magnétiques » et les « matériaux photovoltaïques », et de nombreux produits de ce type sont aussi largement étiquetés comme « matériaux critiques » car ils sont considérés comme vitaux pour le développement industriel, les besoins sociétaux ou la sécurité nationale. Les définitions utilisées pour ces matériaux ne sont pas toujours cohérentes entre les juridictions ou dans l'industrie, et ce document tente de clarifier les critères et de répondre à certaines idées fausses courantes. La distinction entre les principaux minéraux (par exemple les métaux de base) et les « matériaux spécialisés » (c'est-à-dire ceux extraits ou produits en quantités beaucoup plus faibles) est particulièrement importante.
  Les marchés de nombreux matériaux spécialisés croissent plus rapidement que ceux des métaux ferreux, précieux et de base traditionnels et ils sont souvent présentés comme d'excellentes opportunités d'investissement à long terme. Cependant, le marché restreint des matériaux spécialisés et l'incertitude considérable entourant les projections de croissance (en particulier liées aux substitutions de matériaux et aux changements technologiques rapides) doivent être pris en considération pour une évaluation objective du potentiel de développement de tout projet proposé, l'établissement de nouvelles chaînes d'approvisionnement par les grandes entreprises et une prise de décisions responsable par le gouvernement (politique minière). À court terme, les projets visant des matériaux spécialisés (matériaux ayant un marché restreint) ne peuvent pas bénéficier d'économies d'échelle et leur développement repose sur des procédés métallurgiques commercialement éprouvés, à moins qu'ils ne soient soutenus par les gouvernements ou les utilisateurs finaux.
  Plusieurs métaux spécialisés (par exemple le germanium, l'indium, le cadmium et le cobalt) sont couramment obtenus comme sous-produits de l'extraction des métaux de base. Dans de tels cas, l'analyse systématique des minerais de métaux de base pour leur teneur en métaux spécialisés peut justifier l'ajout de circuits de récupération adéquats aux fonderies existantes. Si des résultats positifs sont obtenus, la nécessité de cibler de nouvelles sources de ces métaux spécialisés en tant que cibles d'exploration primaires peut être réduite ou éliminée.
  Lorsque les conditions du marché le permettent et que les craintes quant à la disponibilité future des matériaux semblent fiables, l'exploration primaire de matériaux spécialisés est justifiée, et la participation préconcurrentielle du gouvernement peut être justifiée pour promouvoir de tels efforts de développement.

 

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