Vol. 52 No. 1 (2025)
Articles

Geosciences are Important for Humanity! A Model for Enhancing the Geoscience Narrative across Canada

Katherine Boggs
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6
Bio
Benjamin G. Daniels
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6
Courtney Onstad
Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6
Alwynne Beaudoin
Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103a Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T5J 0G2
Stephen Johnston
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3
Dave Eaton
Department of Earth, Energy and Environment, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4
Daniel Lebel
Chelsea, Quebec, J9B 2L7
Andrea Waldie
Waldie GeoGovernance, 2644 Spruce Needle Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1M9
Paul Hubley
Geoscientists Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 300, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6L4
Glenn Dolphin
Department of Earth, Energy and Environment, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4
Matthew Kemp
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3AN
John Ludden
KMT, Bjargargata 1, 102 Reykjavík
Jean Hsieh
Sedimentary Geology Consultants, 2033 42 Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2T 2M8
Imad Alainachi
80 Yoho Drive, Kanata, Ontario, K2M 2R4
Beth McLarty Halfkenny
Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6
Holly Bley
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6

Published 2025-04-11

Keywords

  • Canadian Geoscience Community,
  • Geoscience Communication,
  • Geoscience Outreach,
  • Promote Geosciences

How to Cite

Boggs, K., Daniels, B. G., Onstad, C., Beaudoin, A., Johnston, S., Eaton, D., … Bley, H. (2025). Geosciences are Important for Humanity! A Model for Enhancing the Geoscience Narrative across Canada. Geoscience Canada, 52(1), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2025.52.221

Abstract

“Geosciences are important for humanity” is the central message of a model presented to promote the geosciences as essential to the development of Canada and the world. Components of the geosciences directly or indirectly address all 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, and geoscientific knowledge is essential in efforts to address climate change. Despite this broad relevance, many Canadians remain unaware of the importance of the geosciences, partly because the discipline is not consistently offered as a standalone high school course in all provinces and territories. The number of students entering undergraduate geology major programs declined by over 40% between 2015 and 2022, and this creates challenges within Canada’s workforce. Currently, gaps in the workforce are filled through immigration, but the federal government is now starting to limit immigration. The seven components of the proposed model include: public engagement to promote the geosciences in varied settings; engagement with politicians and policy makers; engagement with resource and other industries; development and implementation of strategic plans to promote improved awareness of the geosciences; development of public education, outreach and communication programs; promotion of courses and engagement programs at post-secondary institutions; and coordination with geoscience societies and geological surveys. Hosting the International Geological Congress (IGC) 2028 could unite the Canadian geoscience community by strengthening connections between academic geoscientists and government, advocating for a Canadian Research Chair related to geoscience education and outreach, developing an inventory for geoscience education and outreach programs, and exploring creative ways to develop standalone geoscience courses in high school. If all Canadian geoscientists use the model components to emphasize the importance of the geosciences to humanity, we can collectively work towards better public understanding of the relevance of the geosciences to most aspects of life in Canada and improve the future of our vital discipline.

References

  1. Amethyst Mine, 2024, June 7: https://www.amethystmine.com/.
  2. Bada, S.O., and Olusegun, S., 2015, Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning: IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, v. 5, p. 66–70.
  3. Bank, C., Jackson, D., and Hymers, L., 2009, Geoheritage 3. Attracting students to the earth sciences: An example of individual and collective outreach efforts by industry, academia and secondary education: Geoscience Canada, v. 36, p. 107–111, https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/geocan36_3ser02.
  4. Bingham-Koslowski, N., Boggs, K.J.E., Adiyaman Lopes, O., Lebel, D., Johnston, S., and Narbonne, G., 2023, Canadian geoscience diplomacy in collaboration with IUGS, UNESCO, IGCP Geoparks, and World Heritage Geosites: Past, present, and future: Geoscience Canada, v. 50, p. 295–311, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.204.
  5. Brock University Programs, 2024, March 13, Earth and Planetary Science Communication: https://brocku.ca/programs/undergraduate/earth-and-planetary-science-communication/.
  6. Burn, C.R., Cooper, M., Morison, S.R., Pronk, T., and Calder, J.H., 2021, The Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences scientific statement on climate change – its impacts in Canada, and the critical role of earth scientists in mitigation and adaptation: Geoscience Canada, v. 48, p. 59–72, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.173.
  7. Bursztyn, N., Shelton, B., Walker, A., and Pederson, J., 2017, Increasing undergraduate interest to learn geoscience with GPS-based augmented reality field trips on students’ own smartphones: GSA Today, v. 27, p. 4–10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG204A.1.
  8. Canadian Commission for UNESCO, 2024, July 6, The UNESCO Global Geoparks Network: https://en.ccunesco.ca/networks/geoparks.
  9. Capello, M.A., Shaughnessy, A., and Caslin, E., 2021, The geophysical sustainability atlas: Mapping geophysics to the UN Sustainable Development Goals: The Leading Edge, v. 40, p. 10–21, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle40010010.1.
  10. Cohen, D.R., 2022, Australian Geoscience Tertiary Education Profile 2003–2021: Report to the Australian Geoscience Council, 42 p., https://www.agc.org.au/resources/reports/australian-geoscience-council-report.
  11. Cordani, U.G., 2000, The role of the earth sciences in a sustainable world: Episodes, v. 23, p. 155–162, https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/002.
  12. Council of Canadian Academies, 2008, Vision for the Canadian Arctic research initiative: Assessing the opportunities: The international expert panel on science priorities for the Canadian Arctic research initiative: Council of Canadian Academies, Ottawa, ON, 30 p.
  13. Council of Canadian Academies, 2014, Enabling sustainability in an interconnected world: The expert panel on the potential for new and innovative uses of information and communications technologies for greening Canada: Council of Canadian Academies, Ottawa, ON, 224 p.
  14. Council of Canadian Academies, 2022, Building a resilient Canada: The expert panel on disaster resilience in a changing climate: The Council of Canadian Academies, 170 p., https://cca-reports.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Building-a-Resilient-Canada-web-EN.pdf.
  15. Dolphin, G., 2024, Teaching Geology Using the History and Philosophy of Science: Enhancing Conceptual Understanding: Springer Nature, 294 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68667-2.
  16. Fuller, I.C., 2006, What is the value of fieldwork? Answers from New Zealand using two contrasting undergraduate physical geography field trips: New Zealand Geographer, v. 62, p. 215–220, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2006.00072.x.
  17. Geologize, 2024a, July 5, Make an impact; Critically acclaimed communication training for geologists: https://training.geologize.org/.
  18. Geologize, 2024b, November 12, Practical Geocommunications 3: https://training.geologize.org/bundles/geocomms.
  19. Gill, J.C., 2017, Geology and the sustainable development goals: Episodes, v. 40, p. 70–76, https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2017/v40i1/017010.
  20. Government of Canada, 2022, The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy: From exploration to recycling: Powering the green and digital economy for Canada and the world: Government of Canada, 58 p., https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/nrcan-rncan/site/critical-minerals/Critical-minerals-strategyDec09.pdf.
  21. Hanks, C.L., Wartes, D., Levine, R., Gonzalez, R., Fowell, S., and Owens, G., 2007, Introducing the geosciences to Alaska natives via the Rural Alaska Honors Institute (RAHI): Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 55, p. 507–513, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-55.6.507.
  22. Haschenburger, J.K., Gray, W., Godet, A., Suarez, M.A., and Nunez, A.-M., 2021, Recruiting all the talent into undergraduate STEM student success programs using an invitational approach: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 70, p. 306–322, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2021.1918971.
  23. Horne Lake Caves, 2024, June 7, Cave exploration packages: https://hornelake.com.
  24. Huntoon, J.E., and Lane, M.J., 2007, Diversity in the geosciences and successful strategies for increasing diversity: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 55, p. 447–457, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-55.6.447.
  25. Hymers, L.A., Steer, B., and Williams, J., 2015, The Teachers’ Mining Tour in Ontario – A professional development program for educators: Geoscience Canada, v. 42, p. 487–491, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.083.
  26. Kastens, K.A., Manduca, C.A., Cervato, C., Frodeman, R., Goodwin, C., Liben, L.S., Mogk, D.W., Spangler, T.C., Stillings, N.A., and Titus, S., 2009, How geoscientists think and learn: Eos, v. 90, p. 265–272, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO310001.
  27. Kerr, A., 2023, Critical minerals in the context of Canada: Concepts, challenges and contradictions: Geoscience Canada, v. 50, p. 85–105, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.199.
  28. Kristensen, T., 2018, January 10, Rainbow fossils and bison calling: RETROactive: Exploring Alberta's Past, Historic Resources Management Branch, Alberta Arts, Culture and Status of Women, https://albertashistoricplaces.com/2018/01/10/rainbow-fossils-and-bison-calling/.
  29. LaDue, N.D., and Pacheco, H.A., 2013, Critical experiences for field geologists: Emergent themes in interest development: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 61, p. 428–436, https://doi.org/10.5408/12-375.1.
  30. Lebel, D., 2018, Reading the rocks reloaded: A celebration of the Geological Survey of Canada 175th anniversary with a view to the future: Geoscience Canada, v. 45, p. 151–162, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.140.
  31. Lebel, D., 2020, Geological Survey of Canada 8.0: mapping the journey towards predictive geoscience: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 499, p. 49–68, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP499-2019-79.
  32. Leckie, D., 2021, The Scenic Geology of Alberta: A Roadside Touring and Hiking Guide: Broken Poplars, 280 p.
  33. Levine, R., González, R., Cole, S., Fuhrman, M., and Le Floch, K.C., 2007, The geoscience pipeline: A conceptual framework: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 55, p. 458–468, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-55.6.458.
  34. MacCormack, K.E., Rokosh, D., and Branscombe, P., 2019, Chapter 5: The Alberta Geological Survey 3D geological modelling program, in MacCormack, K.E., Berg, R.C., Kessler, H., Russell, H.A.J., and Thorleifson, L.H., eds., 2019 Synopsis of Current Three-Dimensional Geological Mapping and Modelling in Geological Survey Organizations: Alberta Energy Regulator / Alberta Geological Survey, AER/AGS Special Report 112, p. 24–38.
  35. Maloney, K.M., Peace, A.L., Hansen, J., Hum, K.L., Nielsen, J.P., Pearson, K.F., Ramharrack-Maharaj, S., Schwarz, D.M., Papangelakis, E., and Eyles, C.H., 2023, Earth Science Education 7. GeoTrails: Accessible online tools for outreach and education: Geoscience Canada, v. 50, p. 73–84, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.198.
  36. McLarty Halfkenny, B.M., 2012, Outreach: What I learned in Attawapiskat: An earth science outreach adventure: Geoscience Canada, v. 39, p. 74–76, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/GC/article/view/18980.
  37. McGreen, N., and Sánchez, I.A., 2005, Mapping challenge: A case study in the use of mobile phones in collaborative, contextual learning, in Isaías, P., Borg, C., Kommers, P., and Bonanno, P., eds., Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning: Qawra, Malta, 28–30 June 2005, p. 213–217.
  38. Mines Canada, 2019, Canadian Minerals and Metals Plan: Government of Canada, 52 p., https://natural-resources.canada.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/CMMP/CMMP_The_Plan-EN.pdf.
  39. Miranda, R.J., Hermann, R.S., Hurley, K.P., and Moore, J., 2021, Motivations for pursuing and challenges to completing geoscience majors at a public university: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 69, p. 300–312, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2020.1852847.
  40. Mogk, D.W., and Goodwin, C., 2012, Learning in the field: Synthesis of research on thinking and learning in the geosciences, in Kastens, K.A., and Manduca, C.A., eds., Earth and Mind II: A Synthesis of Research on Thinking and Learning in the Geosciences: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 486, p. 131–163, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.2486(24).
  41. Mora, G., 2013, The need for geologists in sustainable development: GSA Today, v. 23, p. 36–37, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG185GW.1.
  42. NAS. National Academy of Sciences, 2011, Expanding underrepresented minority participation: America’s science and technology talent at the crossroads: The National Academies Press, 270 p., https://doi.org/10.17226/12984.
  43. NASEM. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017, Undergraduate research experiences for STEM students: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities: The National Academies Press, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.17226/24622.
  44. NASEM. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019, Minority Serving Institutions: America’s Underutilized Resource for Strengthening the STEM Workforce: The National Academies Press, 254 p., https://doi.org/10.17226/25257.
  45. Natural Resources Canada, 2024a, November 12, Energy Fact Book, 2024–2025: Canadian Centre for Energy Information, Government of Canada, 155 p., https://energy-information.canada.ca/en/energy-facts.
  46. Natural Resources Canada, 2024b, November 12, Nominal GDP in the minerals sector: Government of Canada, https://natural-resources.canada.ca/minerals-mining/mining-data-statistics-analysis/minerals-economy#GDP.
  47. NEPDEP. Northeast Pacific Deep-sea Exploration Project, 2024, March 13, Northeast Pacific – Deep Sea Expedition 2024: NEPDEP Partners, https://www.nepdep.com/2024expedition.
  48. NGSC. National Geological Surveys Committee, 2023, NGSC Progress Report 2023: Harnessing the power of Canadian geoscience collaboration for a stronger future: Geological Survey of Canada, 21 p., https://www.geologicalsurveys.ca/sites/ngsc/files/2023-10/NGSC-progress-report-2023-EN.pdf.
  49. Nowlan, G.S., 2008, Canada celebrates the International Year of Planet Earth: Geoscience Canada, v. 35, p. 7–11, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/GC/article/view/11072.
  50. NSF. National Science Foundation, 2014, Pathways to broadening participation in response to the CEOSE 2011–2012 recommendation: National Science Foundation, 85 p.
  51. O’Connell, S., and Holmes, M.A., 2011, Obstacles to the recruitment of minorities into the geosciences: A call to action: GSA Today, v. 21, p. 52–54, https://doi.org/10.1130/G105GW.1.
  52. O’Connor, K., and Sharp, R., 2013, Planting the science seed: Engaging students in place-based civic actions: European Scientific Journal, Special Edition, v. 4, p. 161–167.
  53. Okello, C., Tomasello, B., Greggio, N., Wambiji, N., and Antonellini, M., 2015, Impact of population growth and climate change on the freshwater resources of Lamu Island, Kenya: Water, v. 7, p. 1264–1290, https://doi.org/10.3390/w7031264.
  54. Onstad, C., 2021, Earth Science Education #6. Lessons learned: Organizing a geoscience outreach program at the University of Saskatchewan: Geoscience Canada, v. 48, p. 133–139, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.178.
  55. Onstad, C.C., and van der Flier-Keller, E., 2024, Geoscience communication: A content analysis of practice in British Columbia, Canada using science communication models: EGUsphere (preprint), https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1960.
  56. Orion, N., and Hofstein, A., 1994, Factors that influence learning during a scientific field trip in a natural environment: Journal of Research in Science Teaching, v. 31, p. 1097–1119, https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660311005.
  57. Pandya, R.E., Henderson, S., Anthes, R.A., and Johnson, R.M., 2007, BEST practices for broadening participation in the geosciences: Strategies from the UCAR Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS) Program: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 55, p. 500–506, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-55.6.500.
  58. Peck, T.R., 2002, Archaeologically recovered ammonites: Evidence for long-term continuity in Nitsitapii Ritual: Plains Anthropologist, v. 47, p. 147–164, https://doi.org/10.1080/2052546.2002.11949237.
  59. Pohl, C., 2011, What is progress in transdisciplinary research?: Futures, v. 43, p. 618–626, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.03.001.
  60. Pugh, K.J., Phillips, M.M., Sexton, J.M., Bergstrom, C.M., and Riggs, E.M., 2019, A quantitative investigation of geoscience departmental factors associated with the recruitment and retention of female students: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 67, p. 266–284, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2019.1582924.
  61. Royal Alberta Museum, 2024, June 7, Natural History Hall: https://royalalbertamuseum.ca/visit/galleries/natural-history-hall.
  62. Sherman-Morris, K., and McNeal, K.S., 2016, Understanding perceptions of the geosciences among minority and nonminority undergraduate students: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 64, p. 147–156, https://doi.org/10.5408/15-112.1.
  63. Starks, B.C., and Matthaeus, W.H., 2018, STEM recruitment and beyond: The messenger is the medium: Journal of STEM Education, v. 19, p. 27–33.
  64. Stokes, P.J., Levine, R., and Flessa, K.W., 2015, Choosing the geoscience major: Important factors, race/ethnicity, and gender: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 63, p. 250–263, https://doi.org/10.5408/14-038.1.
  65. Stow, D.A.V., and Laming, D.J.C., editors, 1991, Geoscience in development: The Geosciences in International Development AGID Report Series, v. 14, 327 p.
  66. Tal, R.T., 2001, Incorporating field trips as science learning environment enrichment—An interpretive study: Learning Environments Research, v. 4, p. 25–49, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011454625413.
  67. TravelingGeologist, 2024, June 7, Fieldwork with Chris Spencer: https://www.travelinggeologist.com/podcast/fieldwork-with-chris-spencer.
  68. Turner, R.J.W., 2013, Geoscape: Lessons learned from 15 years of geoscience outreach: Geoscience Canada, v. 40, p. 371–381, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.030.
  69. United Nations SDGs, 2024, February 3, Sustainable development goals: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/.
  70. van der Flier-Keller, E., 2011, Geoscience Outreach: Raising awareness of Earth Science through the BC Year of Science 2010–2011: Geoscience Canada, v. 38, p. 182–90, https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/geocan38_4art02.
  71. van der Flier-Keller, E., Clinton, L., and Haidl, F., 2009, EdGEO: Helping teachers teach Earth Science: Geoscience Canada, v. 36, p. 133–138, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/GC/article/view/12597.
  72. van Ruijven, B.J., De Cian, E., and Wing, I.S., 2019, Amplification of future energy demand growth due to climate change: Nature Communications, v. 10, 2762, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10399-3.
  73. Vodden, C., 1992, No Stone Unturned: The First 150 Years of the Geological Survey of Canada: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, 52 p.
  74. Wallace, C., 2024, June 7, Carol Wallace Art: https://carolwallaceart.com/.
  75. Weston, L., 2022, Yukon Geological Survey’s outreach program: 2021 highlights, in MacFarlane, K.E., ed., Yukon Exploration and Geology Overview 2021, Yukon Geological Survey, p. 53–62.
  76. Wilkinson, R., Kemp, M., and Johnson, H., 2023, Climate change communication through live theatre and drama workshops (Abstract): EGU General Assembly 2023, Abstract EGU23-2635, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2635.
  77. Wolfe, B.A., 2018, Introductory geosciences at the two-year college: Factors that influence student transfer intent with geoscience degree aspirations: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 66, p. 36–54, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1411740.