“Walking Backwards”: From Truth to Reconciliation

Josh  Dawson

Articles

Vol. 46 No. 2 (2021): Indigenous Literary Arts of Truth and Redress / Arts littéraires autochtones de vérité et de réparation

“Walking Backwards”: From Truth to Reconciliation

Josh Dawson^▸^▾

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Submitted: June 22, 2022
Published: 2022-07-04

References

Barrera, Jorge. “Crown-Indigenous Minister Calls on Sen. Beyak to Pull Letters Supporting Assimilation of First Nations People.” CBC News, 29 Nov. 2019, www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/bennett-beyak-letters-1.5377652.
Belcourt, Billy-Ray. NDN Coping Mechanisms: Notes from the Field. Anansi, 2019.
Belcourt, Billy-Ray. This Wound Is a World. 2nd ed., U of Minnesota P, 2019.
Blaeser, Kimberly. “Returning the Gift: A Festival of North American Native Writers.” Akwe:kon Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, 1993, pp. 35-41.
Cariou, Warren. “Going to Canada.” Manitowapow: Aboriginal Writings from the Land of Water, edited by Warren Cariou and Niigaanwewidam James Sinclair. Highwater Press, 2011, pp. 320-28.
Caruth, Cathy. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Johns Hopkins UP, 1996.
Chrisjohn, Roland, et al. The Circle Game: Shadows and Substance in the Indian Residential School Experience in Canada. Theytus Books, 2006.
Coleman, Daniel. “Epistemic Justice, Canlit, and the Politics of Respect.” Canadian Literature, no. 204, 2010, p. 124.
Corntassel, Jeff, et al. “Indigenous Storytelling, Truth-Telling, and Community Approaches to Reconciliation.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 35, no. 1, 2009, pp. 137-59.
Dewar, Jonathan. “From Profound Silences to Ethical Practices: Aboriginal Writing and Reconciliation.” The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature, edited by Cynthia Sugars, Oxford UP, 2016, pp. 150-69.
Eigenbrod, Renate. “‘For the Child Taken, for the Parent Left Behind’: Residential School Narratives as Acts of ‘Survivance’.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 38, nos. 3-4, 2012, pp. 277-97.
Fagan, Kristina. “‘Private Stories’ in Aboriginal Literature.” Orality and Literacy: Reflections across Disciplines, edited by Kristina Fagan et al., U of Toronto P, 2011, pp. 153-76.
Fagan, Kristina. “Weesageechak Meets the Weetigo: Storytelling, Humour, and Trauma in the Fiction of Richard Van Camp, Tomson Highway, and Eden Robinson.” Studies in Canadian Literature, vol. 34, no. 1, 2009, pp. 204-26.
Felman, Shoshana, and Dori Laub. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. Routledge, 1992.
Fontaine, Theodore. Broken Circle: The Dark Legacy of Indian Residential Schools. Heritage House, 2010.
Fontaine, Tim. “What Did Justin Trudeau Say about Canada’s History of Colonialism?” CBC News, 22 Apr. 2016, www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/trudeau-colonialism-comments-1.3549405.
Francis, Daniel. The Imaginary Indian: The Image of the Indian in Canadian Culture. 2nd ed., Arsenal Pulp Press, 2011.
Freud, Sigmund. “Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings, translated by John Reddick, Penguin Books, 2003, pp. 44-102.
Freud, Sigmund. Moses and Monotheism. Translated by Katherine Jones, Vintage Books, 1967.
Gaertner, David. “Introduction.” Halfe, Sôhkêyihta pp. xi-xx.
Garneau, David. “Imaginary Spaces of Conciliation and Reconciliation.” West Coast Line, Summer 2012, pp. 29-38.
Gaver, Cheryl. “Residential Schools in Canada: Why the Message Is Not Getting Across.” Vanthuyne and Capitaine, pp. 198-219.
Halfe, Louise Bernice. Burning in This Midnight Dream. Coteau Books, 2016.
Halfe, Louise Bernice. Sôhkêyihta: The Poetry of Sky Dancer Louise Bernice Halfe. Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2018. Laurier Poetry Series.
Harper, Stephen. “Statement of Apology — to Former Students of Indian Residential Schools.” 2008, www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100015644/1571589171655.
Hazlett, Emily. “Parents, Their Children, and the State: Intimate Perspectives on Reconciliation in Porcupines and China Dolls.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 36, no. 4, 2010, pp. 49-70.
Joe, Rita. “I Lost My Talk.” An Anthology of Canadian Native Literature in English, edited by Terry Goldie and Daniel David Moses, Oxford UP, 1992, pp. 113-14.
Johnston, Basil H. Foreword. Magic Weapons: Aboriginal Writers Remaking Community after Residential School, Sam McKegney, U of Manitoba P, 2007, pp. vii-xv.
Ljunggren, David. “Every G20 Nation Wants to Be Canada, Insists PM.” Reuters, 25 Sept. 2009, www.reuters.com/article/columns-us-g20-canada-advantagesidUSTRE58P05Z20090926.
Manuel, Arthur, and Ronald M. Derrickson. The Reconciliation Manifesto: Recovering the Land, Rebuilding the Economy. James Lorimer & Company, 2017.
Martin, Keavy. “Truth, Reconciliation, and Amnesia: Porcupines and China Dolls and the Canadian Conscience.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 35, no. 1, 2009, pp. 47-65.
McCall, Sophie. “Intimate Enemies: Weetigo, Weesageechak, and the Politics of Reconciliation in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen and Joseph Boyden’s Three Day Road.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 25, 2013, pp. 57-85.
McIntyre, Catherine. “Read Justin Trudeau’s Apology to Residential School Survivors in Newfoundland.” Maclean’s, 24 Nov. 2017, www.macleans.ca/news/canada/read-justintrudeaus-apology-to-residential-school-survivors-in-newfoundland/.
McKegney, Sam. Magic Weapons: Aboriginal Writers Remaking Community after Residential School. U of Manitoba P, 2007.
McLeod, Neal. “Cree Poetic Discourse.” Indigenous Poetics in Canada, edited by Neal McLeod, Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2014, pp. 89-103.
Moses, A. Dirk. “Does the Holocaust Reveal or Conceal Other Genocides? The Canadian Museum for Human Rights and Grievable Suffering.” Hidden Genocides: Power, Knowledge, Memory, edited by Thomas La Pointe, et al., Rutgers UP, 2014, pp. 21-51.
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Vol. 1A, 2019.
Niezen, Ronald. Truth and Indignation: Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Indian Residential Schools. 2nd ed., U of Toronto P, 2017.
Regan, Paulette. Unsettling the Settler Within: Indian Residential Schools, Truth Telling, and Reconciliation in Canada. U of British Columbia P, 2010.
Robinson, Dylan, and Keavy Martin. “‘The Body Is a Resonant Chamber’.” Arts of Engagement: Taking Aesthetic Action in and Beyond the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, edited by Dylan Robinson and Keavy Martin. Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2016, pp. 1-20.
Ross, Rupert. Indigenous Healing: Exploring Traditional Paths. Penguin, 2014.
Rothberg, Michael. The Implicated Subject: Beyond Victims and Perpetrators. Stanford UP, 2019.
Rothberg, Michael. Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization. Stanford UP, 2009.
Stannard, David E. “Uniqueness as Denial: The Politics of Holocaust Scholarship.” Is the Holocaust Unqiue?, edited by Alan S. Rosenbaum, Westview Press, 2001, pp. 245-90.
Stewart, Jane. “Address by the Honourable Jane Stewart Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development on the Occasion of the Unveiling of Gathering Strength — Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan.” 7 Jan. 1998, www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100015725/1571590271585.
Stigter, Shelley. “The Dialectics and Dialogics of Code-Switching in the Poetry of Gregory Scofield and Louise Halfe.” American Indian Quarterly, vol. 30, 2006, pp. 49-60.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Volume One Summary: Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future. James Lorimer & Company, 2015.
Vanthuyne, Karine, and Brieg Capitaine, editors. Power through Testimony: Reframing Residential Schools in the Age of Reconciliation. U of British Columbia P, 2017.
Wagamese, Richard. One Native Life. Douglas and McIntyre, 2008.
Woods, Eric Taylor. “On the Making of a National Tragedy: The Transformation of Meaning of the Indian Residential Schools.” Vanthuyne and Capitaine, pp. 29-49.
Zimonjic, Peter, and Catherine Cullen. “Erin O’Toole Walks Back Claim that Residential Schools Were Designed to ‘Provide Education.’” CBC News, 16 Dec. 2020, www.cbc.ca/news/politics/erin-otoole-residential-schools-comments-1.5844307.

How to Cite

Dawson, J. . (2022). “Walking Backwards”: From Truth to Reconciliation. Studies in Canadian Literature, 46(2), 64–87. Retrieved from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/SCL/article/view/32897

Copyright Notice

[1] Barrera, Jorge. “Crown-Indigenous Minister Calls on Sen. Beyak to Pull Letters Supporting Assimilation of First Nations People.” CBC News, 29 Nov. 2019, www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/bennett-beyak-letters-1.5377652.

[2] Belcourt, Billy-Ray. NDN Coping Mechanisms: Notes from the Field. Anansi, 2019.

[3] Belcourt, Billy-Ray. This Wound Is a World. 2nd ed., U of Minnesota P, 2019.

[4] Blaeser, Kimberly. “Returning the Gift: A Festival of North American Native Writers.” Akwe:kon Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, 1993, pp. 35-41.

[5] Cariou, Warren. “Going to Canada.” Manitowapow: Aboriginal Writings from the Land of Water, edited by Warren Cariou and Niigaanwewidam James Sinclair. Highwater Press, 2011, pp. 320-28.

[6] Caruth, Cathy. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Johns Hopkins UP, 1996.

[7] Chrisjohn, Roland, et al. The Circle Game: Shadows and Substance in the Indian Residential School Experience in Canada. Theytus Books, 2006.

[8] Coleman, Daniel. “Epistemic Justice, Canlit, and the Politics of Respect.” Canadian Literature, no. 204, 2010, p. 124.

[9] Corntassel, Jeff, et al. “Indigenous Storytelling, Truth-Telling, and Community Approaches to Reconciliation.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 35, no. 1, 2009, pp. 137-59.

[10] Dewar, Jonathan. “From Profound Silences to Ethical Practices: Aboriginal Writing and Reconciliation.” The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature, edited by Cynthia Sugars, Oxford UP, 2016, pp. 150-69.

[11] Eigenbrod, Renate. “‘For the Child Taken, for the Parent Left Behind’: Residential School Narratives as Acts of ‘Survivance’.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 38, nos. 3-4, 2012, pp. 277-97.

[12] Fagan, Kristina. “‘Private Stories’ in Aboriginal Literature.” Orality and Literacy: Reflections across Disciplines, edited by Kristina Fagan et al., U of Toronto P, 2011, pp. 153-76.

[13] Fagan, Kristina. “Weesageechak Meets the Weetigo: Storytelling, Humour, and Trauma in the Fiction of Richard Van Camp, Tomson Highway, and Eden Robinson.” Studies in Canadian Literature, vol. 34, no. 1, 2009, pp. 204-26.

[14] Felman, Shoshana, and Dori Laub. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. Routledge, 1992.

[15] Fontaine, Theodore. Broken Circle: The Dark Legacy of Indian Residential Schools. Heritage House, 2010.

[16] Fontaine, Tim. “What Did Justin Trudeau Say about Canada’s History of Colonialism?” CBC News, 22 Apr. 2016, www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/trudeau-colonialism-comments-1.3549405.

[17] Francis, Daniel. The Imaginary Indian: The Image of the Indian in Canadian Culture. 2nd ed., Arsenal Pulp Press, 2011.

[18] Freud, Sigmund. “Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Other Writings, translated by John Reddick, Penguin Books, 2003, pp. 44-102.

[19] Freud, Sigmund. Moses and Monotheism. Translated by Katherine Jones, Vintage Books, 1967.

[20] Gaertner, David. “Introduction.” Halfe, Sôhkêyihta pp. xi-xx.

[21] Garneau, David. “Imaginary Spaces of Conciliation and Reconciliation.” West Coast Line, Summer 2012, pp. 29-38.

[22] Gaver, Cheryl. “Residential Schools in Canada: Why the Message Is Not Getting Across.” Vanthuyne and Capitaine, pp. 198-219.

[23] Halfe, Louise Bernice. Burning in This Midnight Dream. Coteau Books, 2016.

[24] Halfe, Louise Bernice. Sôhkêyihta: The Poetry of Sky Dancer Louise Bernice Halfe. Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2018. Laurier Poetry Series.

[25] Harper, Stephen. “Statement of Apology — to Former Students of Indian Residential Schools.” 2008, www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100015644/1571589171655.

[26] Hazlett, Emily. “Parents, Their Children, and the State: Intimate Perspectives on Reconciliation in Porcupines and China Dolls.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 36, no. 4, 2010, pp. 49-70.

[27] Joe, Rita. “I Lost My Talk.” An Anthology of Canadian Native Literature in English, edited by Terry Goldie and Daniel David Moses, Oxford UP, 1992, pp. 113-14.

[28] Johnston, Basil H. Foreword. Magic Weapons: Aboriginal Writers Remaking Community after Residential School, Sam McKegney, U of Manitoba P, 2007, pp. vii-xv.

[29] Ljunggren, David. “Every G20 Nation Wants to Be Canada, Insists PM.” Reuters, 25 Sept. 2009, www.reuters.com/article/columns-us-g20-canada-advantagesidUSTRE58P05Z20090926.

[30] Manuel, Arthur, and Ronald M. Derrickson. The Reconciliation Manifesto: Recovering the Land, Rebuilding the Economy. James Lorimer & Company, 2017.

[31] Martin, Keavy. “Truth, Reconciliation, and Amnesia: Porcupines and China Dolls and the Canadian Conscience.” English Studies in Canada, vol. 35, no. 1, 2009, pp. 47-65.

[32] McCall, Sophie. “Intimate Enemies: Weetigo, Weesageechak, and the Politics of Reconciliation in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen and Joseph Boyden’s Three Day Road.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 25, 2013, pp. 57-85.

[33] McIntyre, Catherine. “Read Justin Trudeau’s Apology to Residential School Survivors in Newfoundland.” Maclean’s, 24 Nov. 2017, www.macleans.ca/news/canada/read-justintrudeaus-apology-to-residential-school-survivors-in-newfoundland/.

[34] McKegney, Sam. Magic Weapons: Aboriginal Writers Remaking Community after Residential School. U of Manitoba P, 2007.

[35] McLeod, Neal. “Cree Poetic Discourse.” Indigenous Poetics in Canada, edited by Neal McLeod, Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2014, pp. 89-103.

[36] Moses, A. Dirk. “Does the Holocaust Reveal or Conceal Other Genocides? The Canadian Museum for Human Rights and Grievable Suffering.” Hidden Genocides: Power, Knowledge, Memory, edited by Thomas La Pointe, et al., Rutgers UP, 2014, pp. 21-51.

[37] National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Vol. 1A, 2019.

[38] Niezen, Ronald. Truth and Indignation: Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Indian Residential Schools. 2nd ed., U of Toronto P, 2017.

[39] Regan, Paulette. Unsettling the Settler Within: Indian Residential Schools, Truth Telling, and Reconciliation in Canada. U of British Columbia P, 2010.

[40] Robinson, Dylan, and Keavy Martin. “‘The Body Is a Resonant Chamber’.” Arts of Engagement: Taking Aesthetic Action in and Beyond the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, edited by Dylan Robinson and Keavy Martin. Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2016, pp. 1-20.

[41] Ross, Rupert. Indigenous Healing: Exploring Traditional Paths. Penguin, 2014.

[42] Rothberg, Michael. The Implicated Subject: Beyond Victims and Perpetrators. Stanford UP, 2019.

[43] Rothberg, Michael. Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization. Stanford UP, 2009.

[44] Stannard, David E. “Uniqueness as Denial: The Politics of Holocaust Scholarship.” Is the Holocaust Unqiue?, edited by Alan S. Rosenbaum, Westview Press, 2001, pp. 245-90.

[45] Stewart, Jane. “Address by the Honourable Jane Stewart Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development on the Occasion of the Unveiling of Gathering Strength — Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan.” 7 Jan. 1998, www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100015725/1571590271585.

[46] Stigter, Shelley. “The Dialectics and Dialogics of Code-Switching in the Poetry of Gregory Scofield and Louise Halfe.” American Indian Quarterly, vol. 30, 2006, pp. 49-60.

[47] Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Volume One Summary: Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future. James Lorimer & Company, 2015.

[48] Vanthuyne, Karine, and Brieg Capitaine, editors. Power through Testimony: Reframing Residential Schools in the Age of Reconciliation. U of British Columbia P, 2017.

[49] Wagamese, Richard. One Native Life. Douglas and McIntyre, 2008.

[50] Woods, Eric Taylor. “On the Making of a National Tragedy: The Transformation of Meaning of the Indian Residential Schools.” Vanthuyne and Capitaine, pp. 29-49.

[51] Zimonjic, Peter, and Catherine Cullen. “Erin O’Toole Walks Back Claim that Residential Schools Were Designed to ‘Provide Education.’” CBC News, 16 Dec. 2020, www.cbc.ca/news/politics/erin-otoole-residential-schools-comments-1.5844307.