GPS for Marine Navigation and Hydrography

Authors

  • G. Lachapelle University of Calgary
  • P. Kielland Canadian Hydrographic Service
  • M. Casey Canadian Hydrographic Service

Abstract

Current marine navigation and shipbome surveying accuracy requirements are reviewed. The technical characteristics of GPS are summarized and its single point positioning performance is given and compared with the above requirements. A detailed description and analysis of the three types of observables possible with GPS, namely code, carrier and Doppler frequency measurements, are presented. The following error sources are discussed: cycle slips, Selective Availability, ionospheric and tropospheric effects and multipath. A description of the various receiver measuring techniques currently available, namely C/A code LI, L2 squaring, L2 codeless, P codeless and P code, is given, together with advantages and disadvantages for marine positioning. The single and double differenced observables used in differential GPS (DGPS) mode are analysed in terms of real time versus postmission suitability. The latest techniques for quasi-instantaneous ambiguity resolution such as wide and extra wide-laning are discussed in terms of receiver requirements and operational procedures. An attempt is made at providing DGPS kinematic accuracy estimates for various cases with and without Selective Availability. Trends and prospects are forecast in the following five areas: system enhancements, user equipment, observable types and modelling, marine applications and GPS-related services.

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Published

2015-05-19

How to Cite

Lachapelle, G., Kielland, P., & Casey, M. (2015). GPS for Marine Navigation and Hydrography. The International Hydrographic Review, 69(1). Retrieved from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/view/23252

Issue

1992: Vol. LXIX, No. 1

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Articles

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 Anders, F.J. and Byrnes, M.R.(1991). “Accuracy of shoreline change rates as determined from maps and aerial photographs”, Shore and Beach, 59, pp. 17-26.

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Foley, J.D., van Dam, A., Feiner, S. K. and Hughes, J.F. (1990), Computer Graphics – Principles and Practice, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

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Smith, A. (1988). Colour photomapping. Report NRC-01-512. National Research Centre. Ottawa, Canada.

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desJardins, M. (2005). How to succeed in postgraduate  study, Applied Ecology Research Group, University of Canberra, viewed 26 April 2009, http://aerg.canberra.edu.au/jardins.t.htm.

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