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Geodetic Surveying Operational Reports

1964: Supplement to the IHR, Volume 5

Tellurometer Ground Swing on Geodetic Lines

Submitted
June 27, 2018
Published
2018-03-21

Abstract

This paper presents a study of ground swing on tellurometer measurements of primary triangulation lines. Mainly discussed are the lines, comprising 8 % of the total, that have ground swings larger than 90 centimetres. The large ground swings are caused by reflections from steel observing towers, and from natural reflecting surfaces such as ice, water and land. The validity of theoretically computed ground-swing errors is discussed, as is the value of eccentric measurements, whose purpose it is to reduce ground swing and mean ground-swing errors. Estimates of actual ground-swing errors are made on the basis of comparisons between observed and adjusted lengths.