The Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 (BSCD2000): Implementation of a common reference level in the Baltic Sea

Joachim Schwabe; Jonas Ågren; Gunter Liebsch; Patrick Westfeld; Thomas Hammarklint; Jyrki Mononen; Ole B. Andersen

Articles

No. 23 (2020)

The Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 (BSCD2000): Implementation of a common reference level in the Baltic Sea

Joachim Schwabe^▸^▾
Jonas Ågren^▸^▾
Gunter Liebsch^▸^▾
Patrick Westfeld^▸^▾
Thomas Hammarklint^▸^▾
Jyrki Mononen^▸^▾
Ole B. Andersen^▸^▾

Dresden University of Technology

Bio

Author Biography

Joachim Schwabe is a scientific staff member of the unit “Integrated Spatial Referencing” at
the German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG). He graduated as a geodesist
from the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) in 2008 and finalized his PhD thesis on regional
geoid modeling in the polar regions in 2015. An opportunity to assist the computations for the quasigeoid
model GCG2016 led him to the BKG, where he is now contact person for the GCG models
and GNSS-based height determination.

Royal Institute of Technology

Bio

Author Biography

Jonas Ågren is associate professor in geodesy and senior lecturer at the University of Gävle in
Sweden. He is also part time senior geodesist at Lantmäteriet, the Swedish mapping, cadastral
and land registration authority. He received his PhD degree in physical geodesy at the Royal Institute
of Technology in Stockholm (KTH) in 2004. Since then he has worked with geoid modelling,
height systems and gravimetry in Sweden and the Nordic/Baltic countries. He was the chairman
of the working group on geoid and height systems of the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) between
2010 and 2018, and leader of FAMOS activity 2 (Harmonising vertical datum/Improving
vessel navigation for the future) between 2015 and 2018.

Dresden University of Technology

Bio

Author Biography

Gunter Liebsch is head of the unit “Integrated Spatial Referencing” at the German Federal
Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG), dealing with the German and the European height
systems, GREF (GNSS reference station network in Germany) and the national quasigeoid model
GCG. He graduated as a geodesist from the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) in 1990 and
finalized his PhD thesis on the processing and use of water level time series for geodetic and geodynamic
applications in the Baltic Sea in 1997.

Dresden University of Technology

Bio

Author Biography

Patrick Westfeld is head of German Hydrographic Office‘s R&D section “Geodetichydrographic
Techniques and Systems” at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH).
His activities range from conceptual issues pertaining to hydroacoustic and imaging sensor technologies,
sensor integration and modeling, algorithmic development and software implementation
up to and including application-specific implementation and practical transfer in the production environment.
After graduating as a geodesist from the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) in
2005, he conducted research in the fields of photogrammetry and laserscanning and finalized his
PhD degree in 2012 on geometric-stochastic modeling and motion analysis.

Gothenburg University

Bio

Author Biography

Thomas Hammarklint is the Chairman of the BSHC Chart Datum Working Group and works at
the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). He graduated as a physical oceanographer from the
Gothenburg University in 2002. He is the Swedish representative and expert in several working
groups and programs related to water levels, data exchange and reference levels, such as IOC
Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS), IHO Tidal Water Level and Current Working
Group (TWCWG), NSHC Tidal Working Group (TWG) and Baltic Sea Operational Oceanographic
System (BOOS).

Helsinki University of Technology

Bio

Author Biography

Jyrki Mononen is an expert at the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom in
the Hydrographic Survey Services. He is the ordinary secretary of the BSHC Chart Datum
Working Group. He graduated as MSc in land surveying an the Helsinki University of Technology
in 1995. He has been involved in chart datum definitions in Finnish nautical charts and
navigational information, national specifications for hydrographic surveying and procurement of
hydrographic surveys. He is Finnish representative in IHO Tides, Water Level and Currents
Working Group and Data Quality Working Group.

University of Copenhagen

Bio

Author Biography

Ole B. Andersen is professor in marine geodesy and head of the hydrosphere group at DTU
Space at the Technical University of Denmark which is the national space institute of Denmark.
His activity in the working group has been to provide satellite-based long-term estimates of mean
sea level and mean dynamic topography as a supplement to and for the evaluation of the FAMOS
geoids. Ole is Ph.d. from the University of Copenhagen in 1996 and has since worked on marine
geodesy focusing on development of global reference surfaces for gravity and mean sea surface
as well as ocean tide models.

Submitted: October 19, 2022
Published: 2020-05-30

Abstract

The Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 (BSCD2000) is a geodetic reference system adopted for Baltic Sea hydrographic surveying, hydrographic engineering, nautical charts, navigational publications and water level information. It is based on the common geodetic standards for the height system (EVRS) and the spatial reference system (ETRS89) in Europe. In particular, the zero level of BSCD2000 is in accordance with the Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP). BSCD2000 is about to be adopted as unified chart datum by all the countries around the Baltic Sea. It agrees with most national height realizations used on land. BSCD2000 will facilitate effective use of GNSS methods like GPS, GLONASS and Galileo for accurate navigation and hydrographic surveying in the future.

How to Cite

Schwabe, J., Ågren, J., Liebsch, G., Westfeld, P., Hammarklint, T., Mononen, J., & Andersen, O. B. (2020). The Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 (BSCD2000): Implementation of a common reference level in the Baltic Sea. The International Hydrographic Review, (23), 63–82. Retrieved from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/view/33085

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