Reimagining Wine: How Baja California Vintners Are Responding to Sustainability Pressures?

Authors

  • Helena Campos Gutierrez Helena Campos Gutierrez, HEC Montreal; Mosaic HEC Montreal, Montreal, Canada https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0377-7435
  • Nicolas Befort Chair in Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development, NEOMA Business School, Reims, France
  • Patrick Cohendet HEC Montreal; co-director of Mosaic HEC Montréal, Montreal, Canada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55482/jcim.2026.36437

Keywords:

sustainability, strategic reconfiguration, ransformational adaptation, diversification, alternative winemaking, business practices, organic certification

Abstract

This study examines how alternative wine producers in Baja California, Mexico, are adapting to a rapidly changing environment. These producers have adopted various strategies, including focusing on alternative forms of viticulture and prioritizing sustainable practices, as a strategic response to sustainability challenges in the region. The main findings reveal a fundamental shift in business practices and interpretations of alternative winemaking, resulting in emerging business models. Operating in a relatively under-regulated legal environment compared to many established wine-producing countries, small wine producers, supported by local communities of passionate winemakers dedicated to alternative forms of viticulture, are shifting toward sustainable practices. They are also strengthening their business models by expanding into new domains, such as gastronomy, tourism, and the circular economy. This article contributes to the strategy literature on sustainability by analyzing strategic responses centered on diversification.

Author Biographies

Helena Campos Gutierrez, Helena Campos Gutierrez, HEC Montreal; Mosaic HEC Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Helena Campos Gutierrez (MBA, MMDD) is a Research Associate at Mosaic HEC Montréal and is currently pursuing a PhD in Administration at HEC Montréal, specializing in Management, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship. Her research focuses on the intersection of innovation and sustainability, with a particular interest in innovation processes within the food system. She examines how organizations and innovation ecosystems can design and implement sustainable solutions to address contemporary environmental and societal challenges. Her work aims to contribute to advancing knowledge on the strategic and organizational transformations required to foster more resilient and sustainable food systems.

Nicolas Befort, Chair in Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development, NEOMA Business School, Reims, France

Nicolas Befort (PhD) is Professor of Economics at NEOMA Business School and Director of the Chair in Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development. He analyses innovation processes in the ecological transition, with a particular focus on the strategic, institutional and organizational dimensions of sustainable innovations and innovation ecosystems. His research covers bioeconomy, circular economy and biotechnology, as well as ongoing transformations in the agricultural and wine-growing sectors. His research is supported both by private and public fundings. He regularly acts as an expert for national and international institutions, including the European Commission and the World Bank.

Patrick Cohendet, HEC Montreal; co-director of Mosaic HEC Montréal, Montreal, Canada

Patrick Cohendet (PhD) Patrick Cohendet is an honorary professor in the Department of International Business at HEC Montréal. He is also professor emeritus at the University of Strasbourg, where he began his academic career. His teaching, research, and publications focus on the economics and management of innovation and creativity, the management of innovation ecosystems, and the evaluation of research project impacts. He is the author of more than 150 articles published in peer-reviewed journals and 30 books and has supervised over 80 PhD students. Since 2007, Professor Cohendet has served as co-director of the Mosaic research and development center at HEC Montréal, which specializes in the management of creativity and innovation. He is an elected member of the Royal Society of Canada.

Published

2026-06-29

How to Cite

Campos Gutierrez, H., Befort, N., & Cohendet, P. (2026). Reimagining Wine: How Baja California Vintners Are Responding to Sustainability Pressures?. Journal of Comparative International Management, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.55482/jcim.2026.36437