Insights from migrant entrepreneurship in Portugal pre- and post- COVID- 19

Abstract

This study explores the resilience of Brazilian businesses in Porto, Portugal, focusing on those that survived
the COVID-19 pandemic. Entrepreneurs were interviewed before and after the pandemic, providing insights
into the local entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) from a migrant perspective. Using a mixed embeddedness
approach, the research examines the pandemic’s impact on these businesses and identifies attributes critical
to their survival. This study highlights conceptual gaps in the EE framework, particularly regarding small businesses
and migrant entrepreneurship during crises. Through Eisenhardt’s case study methodology, data were
collected via 32 in-depth interviews before the pandemic, with follow-ups revealing that only 15 businesses
remained operational. Five surviving entrepreneurs were interviewed in detail. Resilient businesses, such
as restaurants and computer/cell-phone repair shops, adapted by offering in-home services and leveraging
social media to engage clients, demonstrating creativity and risk-taking. Unlike many local entrepreneurs,
Brazilians exhibited higher risk tolerance, using government financial aid not only for personal needs but
also to sustain their businesses. This research contributes to the literature by addressing theoretical gaps in
mixed embeddedness and EE concepts, while applying an innovative analytical framework combining mixed
embeddedness, resilience strategies, and resource orchestration theory. It offers practical implications for
policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the economic and social integration of migrants. Tailored support
strategies are recommended to address the unique challenges migrants face, underscoring the broader
contributions of migrant businesses to economic growth and social cohesion in host communities.