Geoscience Canada

Vol. 53 No. 3 (2026)
Report

Groundwater Science and Policy in Canada: Takeaways from an International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Canada Conference Panel in 2025

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  • Hazen A.J. Russell,
  • Andrew Kirkwood,
  • Christine Rivard,
  • M. Cathryn Ryan,
  • Cynthia N. McClain
Hazen A.J. Russell
Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E8
Andrew Kirkwood
Freelance Writer, 1293 Meadowlands Drive East, Ottawa, Ontario, K2E 6K4
Christine Rivard
Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 9A9
M. Cathryn Ryan
Department of Earth, Energy, and Environment, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4
Cynthia N. McClain
IAH Canada, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3
Bio
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2026.53.236

Published 2026-09-24

Keywords

  • Aquifer,
  • Canada Water Act,
  • Communication,
  • Freshwater,
  • Groundwater,
  • Monitoring,
  • Policy
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Russell, H. A., Kirkwood, A., Rivard, C., Ryan, M. C., & McClain, C. N. (2026). Groundwater Science and Policy in Canada: Takeaways from an International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Canada Conference Panel in 2025. Geoscience Canada, 53(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2026.53.236
Copyright Notice

Abstract

Groundwater provides potable water for approximately a third of all Canadians, sustains two-thirds of the annual baseflow of many Canadian rivers and underpins agricultural, industrial and ecosystem functions in every province and territory. Yet groundwater has received disproportionately little attention in federal freshwater science, monitoring and policy compared to surface water. The low visibility of groundwater as a topic complicates groundwater governance and hinders advancements in resource assessment, scientific understanding and national reporting of data and research, especially given the already complex division of federal, provincial and territorial responsibilities related to water resources.
In spring 2025, the Geological Survey of Canada, the Canada Water Agency and the International Association of Hydrogeologists – Canadian National Chapter (now IAH Canada) co-organized a panel discussion on Public groundwater science and policy in Canada: Challenges of jurisdiction, funding and capacity. The panel was held at the annual Geological Association of Canada – Mineralogical Association of Canada meeting in Ottawa, which was jointly sponsored by IAH Canada. The panel brought together federal, provincial and territorial government representatives, conservation practitioners and academic hydrogeologists to address four themes: 1) overcoming political and policy barriers; 2) funding and capacity; 3) data, science and monitoring needs; and 4) public awareness.
This article summarizes that panel session, providing context through a brief review of the past 55 years of federal groundwater policy conversations. It highlights issues raised by the panellists related to governance barriers, monitoring, funding, capacity and communication, and concludes that four key outcomes need to be pursued: 1) the inclusion of groundwater in any renewed federal freshwater policy framework, 2) stable, multi-year funding for groundwater science and monitoring, 3) development of a national monitoring network, 4) formalization of groundwater expertise within federal freshwater decision-making processes.

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